The Clinical Myopia Profile classification was used to assess the number of hours that children spent each day doing near-vision tasks. In 2016, 2017, and 2019, 34.7% of children spent more than 3 h a day doing these types of tasks, 25.9% spent between 2 and 3 h a day doing near-vision activities, and 39.4% spent <2 h a day performing said tasks.
3% of the children who participated in this study spent more than 50% of the said time using them. Only 34.2% spent <25% of the time using them and 27.5% spent between 25 and 50% of the time doing so. From 2016 to 2019 fewer children have near vision activities or excessive screen time of > 3 h and more children have screen time of 1–2 h and the details of the data obtained every year (Table 1). Several programs to improve the lifestyle of children have been established over the last few years; consequently, parents are well aware of the risks that their children face by spending long hours in front of a screen.
The number of hours spent in near vision and the use of electronic devices increase significantly with age, with this number being higher in children aged 7 years (OR:1.02; CI:0.99-1.94; p < 0.05). Thus, older children are spending more time on devices, especially those with excessive screen time > 3 h (Tables kupony clover 2, 3). The increasingly frequent use of digital devices, both at home and at school, means that children are becoming more and more dependent on them as they grow older.
Dining table 2. Chance proportion and depend on Period from inside the outdoor affairs, near points while the entry to digital gadgets based many years and refractive error.
Table step three. Regularity shipments of energy invested within the close sight, playing with electronic products as well as in outdoor products according to the kid’s ages.
Regarding the circular equivalent value, the greater amount of time spent in the near-sight items and making use of consumer electronics, the greater amount of extreme brand new pattern to your myopization (Table cuatro). In addition, high distinctions have been noticed when you compare how many hours invested during the near vision items in the more autonomous teams out-of Spain (p ? 0.001).
For this reason, discover a very clear association between your too much accessibility digital devices together with increased frequency away from myopia (OR: step one.10; CI: 1.07-step one.13; p ? 0.001) (Figures dos, 3).
Outdoor Situations
In accordance with the Systematic Myopia Reputation category, 50.6% of the children exactly who took part in the research spent between 0 and you can step 1.six h exposed to Ultraviolet white each day, 33.2% anywhere between step one.six and you can 2.eight h a day, and only 16.2% spent more than step 3 h a day outdoors (Desk dos, Contour 4). Myopia decrease since the go out spent confronted with new Uv white grows will likely be noticed (p ? 0.001) (Profile 5). More over, the amount of days one youngsters purchase outdoors decreases as we grow older (Desk step three) (p ? 0.001).
Discussion and you may Results
In this investigation, we’d three fundamental findings. To start with, the increased big date spent on near issues and ultizing digital products try on the higher pricing regarding myopia during the Foreign-language children. Furthermore, incidence cost from myopia in kids aged 5–7 age is actually growing. Finally people who were said to invest longer outside was indeed less likely to want to develop myopia
Regarding the first finding, we have got that the time spent doing near activities has a direct impact on the prevalence of myopia in children aged between 5 and 7 (OR>1). Nevertheless, when we checked the time of these near activities that children spend with digital devices, we have got that the percentage of 7 years old children that spent more than 50% of the time doing near activities with electronic devices is higher than in children of 5 and 6 years old. Our study shows that, in general, the more the time using digital devices the higher the myopia prevalence (OR>1). But it is important to point out that we have found differences with age, meaning that we have not got a relation in the use of digital devices and myopia in children of 5 and 6 years old, but there is a relationship in children of 7 years old. Multiple studies also sustain that excessive use of smartphones, computers, television, etcetera, as well as the hours spent doing near-vision activities, have a negative impact on vision, and increase the risk of developing problems (15, 26, 31). For instance, the prevalence of myopia in children from Sydney (n = 124) was compared to the same in children from Singapore (n = 628), finding that it was higher in Singapore (29.1 vs. 3.3%) as a result of the differences in the children’s lifestyles of both countries, considering that in Singapore they spent more hours reading books and doing near activities while in Sydney spent more time in outdoor activities (13,75 vs. 3,05 h a week in Singapore) (21). Other researchers have related a higher risk of developing myopia with shorter distances for reading (<20 cm) and longer and continuous periods (>45 min), instead of joining to the total time in near activities (17). In this sense, a recent study has concluded that results are mixed and that more studies are needed to evaluate the association between screen time and myopia (36).
