Basic, brand new slope of the relationship BP having Na intake ranged by the times intake, recommending one to Na occurrence get reflect the partnership having BP top than just sheer Na consumption does
There was a significant 3-way interaction between Na intake, energy, and obesity status for SBP (P=0.033); for DBP, the 3-way interaction was not significant, but there was a significant interaction between energy intake and obesity (P=0.005). In stratified models, the association of Na with SBP was stronger at lower energy intake (higher Na density) than at higher energy intake (lower Na density) in both nonobese (interaction of Na with energy; P<0.001) and obese (interaction of Na with energy; P=0.028); the association of Na and DBP by energy intakes was similar (interaction of Na with energy, P=0.005 nonobese; P=0.049 obese). On the control diet at 2300 mg Na intake in the nonobese, SBP was 4.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.0, 8.5) higher at 2100 kcal compared with 3200 kcal (Figure 3A), and DBP was 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.7, 5.5) higher (Figure 3C). In obese at 2300 mg Na intake on the control diet, there were no differences in SBP (0.6 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?3.8 to 4.9; Figure 3B) or DBP (1.8 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 4.5; Figure 3D) between 2100 and 3200 kcal. On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, there were no significant differences in SBP at 2100 versus 3200 kcal regardless of obesity status (2.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 6.0 for nonobese and ?1.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?6.0 to 3.4 for obese). On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, DBP was higher at 2100 versus 3200 kcal in the nonobese (2.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.1–4.4), but not in the obese (?0.3 mm Hg (95% CI, ?3.2 to 2.6).
Figure 3. Interaction of absolute Na intake and energy intake on blood pressure at 3 energy levels stratified by obesity status, indicating 3 levels of Na density (L, I, and H), among normal and overweight (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m 2 , A and C) and obese (BMI?30 kg/m 2 , B and D) participants on the control diet. The vertical line is drawn at 2300 mg absolute Na intake. Error bars represent ±1 SE. Results from mixed-effects models of continuous Na and energy, adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, cohort, diet type (DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] or control), clinical center, and carryover effects stratified by obesity status. DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Discussion
Which studies is conducted to decide whether or not the dating ranging from Na and you may BP may vary that have opportunity intake. Numerous trick findings emerged. 2nd, because in earlier times advertised, the effect out-of Na prevention was attenuated in the function regarding the newest Dash diet plan in contrast to new manage eating plan, indicating one areas of eating plan along with influence the fresh new BP a reaction to alterations in Na consumption. 5,12,thirteen As well as attenuating the newest BP reaction to Na, the fresh Dash diet along with lowered BP, in keeping with research you to areas of eating plan, together with an increased consumption regarding potassium, individually straight down BP. fourteen 3rd, brand new association away from Na with opportunity intake on the BP continuing whenever the newest analyses was stratified from the competition, with the exception of DBP among whites. Next, with stratification of the being obese condition, large variations in BP of the energy intake was indeed observed among those who had been nonobese in contrast to obese.
While the Dash–Na investigation regulated Na density, and not sheer Na intake, the original result of so it demo was basically translated with regards to Na intake instead of Na thickness. The deficiency of reporting overall performance from the Na density may reflect the newest lack of analysis towards time consumption in lots of knowledge. Comparison of one’s matchmaking away from Na density which have death into the observational studies have given blended show. The investigation from Na occurrence which have death regarding NHANES II follow-right up investigation (Federal Health insurance and Diet Examination Questionnaire) and out-of NHANES III suggested a keen inverse connection out-of Na and you will heart disease death, in the event provided Na regarding times intake. 15,16 Within these degree, yet not, Na and energy consumption was basically projected using one twenty four-time bear in mind, that’s not enough to estimate an individual’s typical losing weight intake on account of large date-to-go out version in both Na intake and energy consumption in addition to their proportion. After that, energy intake was implausibly reduced in one another training. You will be able your noticed relationship ranging from Na consumption and you can heart problems mortality is told me from the significantly less than-revealing prejudice, which is, in the event the over weight some body report straight down Na density consequently they are likely to be so you’re able to perish from cardiovascular disease, the newest seen matchmaking can get mirror the latest perception off carrying excess fat in place of eating plan. The newest evidence away from a potential cohort investigation (n=716, 19-season follow-up) aligns towards outcome of the present day data, having said frequency off aerobic situations twice as high among those in the higher in the ourteennetwork beÄŸenenleri görme place of lowest quartile off Na occurrence (22% instead of 11%, respectively; P=0.005) according to eight-time restaurants facts amassed during the standard. 17
