Their really complete statement occurs in Bad Dialectics, that is chatted about afterwards
Appropriately, into the design a good “dialectic off enlightenment” the people simultaneously seek to do a dialectical enlightenment off enlightenment not in lieu of Hegel’s Phenomenology out of Heart. “Determinate negation” (bestimmte Negation) demonstrates immanent grievance is the answer to wrest facts of ideology. A good dialectical enlightenment out-of enlightenment “shows per photo once the script. They shows me to comprehend from [brand new image’s] has the brand new entryway of falseness hence cancels the energy and you can give they over to specifics” (De- 18). Beyond and you may by way of instance determinate negation, a beneficial dialectical enlightenment away from enlightenment together with recalls the foundation and you can mission out of thought by itself. Eg remember is the work of your design just like the worry about-meditation regarding imagine (der Begriff als Selbstbesinnung de l’ensemble des Denkens, De- thirty two). Abstract mind-meditation reveals that think originates from the actual corporeal demands and wishes that get forgotten whenever thought becomes a mere device away from peoples notice-preservation. In addition, it shows that the goal of believe isn’t to help you keep the newest blind domination from nature and you can people but to point towards the reconciliation. Adorno ends up the information associated with conception within his subsequent lectures for the Kant (KC), integrity (PMP), and metaphysics (MCP) and also in his courses with the Husserl (AE), Hegel (H), and you will Heidegger (JA).
step three. Crucial Public Idea
Dialectic out-of Enlightenment presupposes a significant social concept indebted in order to Karl Marx. Adorno checks out Marx as a great Hegelian materialist whoever critique from capitalism unavoidably comes with a critique of the ideologies that capitalism restores and demands. 1st ones is really what Marx named “the new fetishism regarding products.” Marx aligned their complaints out of product fetishism up against bourgeois public experts just who merely explain the fresh new capitalist economy however,, in that way, at exactly the same time misdescribe https://datingranking.net/it/incontri-universitari/ it and you will recommend a bogus personal sight. Considering Marx, bourgeois economists fundamentally ignore the exploitation built-in to help you capitalist design. It fail to keep in mind that capitalist manufacturing, for all the body “freedom” and you can “fairness,” need to extract excess really worth on work of your working class. Instance ordinary producers and you may people below capitalist requirements, bourgeois economists cure the brand new product since the a great fetish. They address it because if they was a natural object, having a lifetime of its very own, one to physically means almost every other merchandise, in independence on the human relationships that actually endure the commodities. Marx, by contrast, argues you to definitely any sort of renders something an item goes back so you can peoples needs, wants, and you may strategies. The newest item have no “play with well worth” in the event it don’t satisfy person wishes. It could not have “replace worth” when the no one wished to exchange it to have something different. And its own change well worth couldn’t end up being calculated when your item failed to tell other merchandise a beneficial “value” produced by new costs from people work energy and counted from the the average work day socially must develop commodities of numerous sort.
Adorno’s personal principle tries to make Marx’s central facts applicable to help you “later capitalism.” Regardless if from inside the arrangement that have Marx’s research of commodity, Adorno thinks their critique off item fetishism cannot go far adequate. Significant transform provides took place the dwelling out-of capitalism since Marx’s go out. This calls for posts on the numerous subject areas: the fresh dialectic ranging from pushes away from manufacturing and you may relationships off design; the partnership ranging from county and you will discount; this new sociology away from groups and you can classification consciousness; the nature and you can purpose of ideology; in addition to character from expert cultures, such as modern artwork and you may public principle, during the criticizing capitalism and you will demanding the newest conversion away from area once the a whole.
The key clues to those updates are from a theory out-of reification suggested from the Hungarian socialist Georg Lukacs regarding 1920s and you may from interdisciplinary systems and you will arguments used of the people in brand new Institute regarding Public Research regarding 1930s and you can 1940s. Building toward Max Weber’s theory regarding rationalization, Lukacs argues that the capitalist economy is no longer that markets of area alongside anyone else. Alternatively, item change is probably the main throwing principle for all circles regarding people. This enables item fetishism to penetrate the societal institutions (e.grams., legislation, government, journalism) including the informative procedures, along with beliefs. “Reification” makes reference to “the newest structural processes by which the latest item function permeates lifestyle into the capitalist community.” Lukacs is especially concerned about just how reification produces human beings “look like simple one thing obeying the fresh new inexorable rules of one’s marketplaces” (Zuidervaart 1991, 76).
