Cases affirmed because multiple pregnancy, unfinished scientific suggestions, and you will supplement D level recorded once thirteen months regarding gestation was indeed excluded

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal serum vitamin D status in the first trimester of pregnancy and maternal as well as neonatal outcomes, considered the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) around the world, especially in the pregnant women.

Methods

Of , within this mix-sectional retrospective analysis, we enlisted women receiving typical prenatal inspections and you can having a baby into the the latest All over the world Peace Pregnancy and you will Child Fitness Hospital. A maximum of 23,394 mother-baby pairs was basically included sooner or later. Obstetric and neonatal information was basically obtained from the new database. Maternal solution vitamin D quantity was measured by the chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Logistic regression study (unadjusted and you will modified patterns) was used to research the new relationship anywhere between supplement D and you may maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results

The average 25(OH) D concentration was ± 0.10 nmol/L; % of patients were vitamin D deficient(25(OH) D < nmol/L), % were vitamin D insufficient (50 nmol/L ? 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L), 3.07% were sufficient (25(OH)D ? 75 nmol/L). The maternal 25(OH)D levels varied with age, pre-pregnancy BMI, season when blood sample was collected, number of previous-pregnancy. Notably, newborns delivered by women with deficient vitamin D status had a higher incidence rate of admission to NICU (Deficiency: % vs Insufficiency: % vs Sufficiency: %, P_bonferroni = .002) and a longer stay (deficiency: 6.2 ± 4.1 days vs insufficiency: 5.9 ± 3.1 days vs sufficiency: 5.1 ± 2.1 days, P_bonferroni = .010). Moreover, maternal vitamin D deficiency was a dependent risk factor for admission to NICU (unadjusted OR = 1.35, 95% CI,1.05–1.74 P_bonferroni = .022; adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI,1.010–1.687 P_bonferroni = .042).

Conclusions

Maternal vitamin D deficiency (25(OH) D < 50 nmol/L) was prevalent in eastern coastal China. The incidence rate of GDM as well as preeclampsia was higher in vitamin D insufficient group while vitamin D deficiency group was liable to intrauterine infection when compared with the other two groups. Most importantly, low vitamin D status in the first trimester of pregnancy was a dependent risk factor for admission to NICU. More well-designed perspective researches are necessary to clarify the role of vitamin D in the early stage of pregnancy.

Inclusion

Vitamin D, with a vital role in calcium absorption and bone metabolism, also functioned in cell proliferation and differentiation, affecting the immune system as well . However, it’s worrisome that the incidence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent globally, especially in pregnant women . Low vitamin D status (defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 50 nmol/L) was found in 33% of pregnant women in the US and 24% in Canada, respectively. In Europe, the prevalence of low vitamin D status was from 20 to 77% . According to the view of Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory, the disturbance in the uterine where the fetus is particularly sensitive to chemicals and other stressors, is related to adverse health effects in adult. Therefore, the lack of vitamin D may have effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Observational studies indicated an association between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of disorders of placental implantation, impaired glucose tolerance, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth retardation, preterm birth, and caesarean section [4, 5], while Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) found contradicted results [6,7,8]. Despite some short-term consequences in the newborns, maternal vitamin D deficiency also have long-term effects as rickets, increased susceptibility to respiratory illness, autoimmune diseases and type 1 diabetes [9, 10]. Considered the important but controversial role of vitamin D, we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal vitamin D status in the first trimester of pregnancy and the outcomes of mothers and newborns in order to provide a practical recommendation for clinicians.